Substance abuse among musicians is higher than the general population, driven by insufficient coping strategies, unique workplace challenges, and cultural norms within the industry.

Racial and gender inequities persist, with minority artists facing entry barriers and stereotyping.

Historically, major labels paid low royalty rates (e.g., 10–15% in the 1990s for hip-hop artists), and recoupment practices often left artists in debt to labels.

Session musicians and producers often lack benefits, fair pay, and job security, with women severely underrepresented in technical roles (e.g., only 12% of studio engineers are female)